{"id":17092,"date":"2010-11-11T10:04:44","date_gmt":"2010-11-11T10:04:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.influx.co.uk\/wordpress\/?p=17092"},"modified":"2014-04-04T15:37:38","modified_gmt":"2014-04-04T14:37:38","slug":"1969-crisis-what-crisis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.adrianflux.co.uk\/influx\/features\/1969-crisis-what-crisis\/","title":{"rendered":"1969: Crisis? What Crisis?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>1969 was a critical moment in the history of the American and British car industries: it was the beginning of the end. Both were about to endure a pretty horrible 1970s; within a few years there would be virtually nothing left of the home-owned British car industry, and while the US carmakers would survive and sporadically prosper in the future, they would never be as dominant and confident as they were in \u201969.<\/p>\n<p>I don\u2019t mean to trivialize the Vietnam War but it\u2019s tempting to compare what was happening there with what was happening in the car world. In both cases, an over-fed, over-manned, over-confident West faced a modest, adaptable, nimble, clever Asian foe able to get by on a bowl of rice each day. Just as the North would win in Vietnam, the Japanese would take advantage of the coming recessions and oil crises to rout the complacent American and British carmakers in their home markets and the new ones that were springing up around the world.<\/p>\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/www.adrianflux.co.uk\/influx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/11\/ss454.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-17149\" title=\"Chevrolet Chevelle SS\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.adrianflux.co.uk\/influx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/11\/ss454.jpg\" width=\"1280\" height=\"960\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn-influx-wp.adrianflux.co.uk\/uploads\/2010\/11\/ss454.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/cdn-influx-wp.adrianflux.co.uk\/uploads\/2010\/11\/ss454-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn-influx-wp.adrianflux.co.uk\/uploads\/2010\/11\/ss454-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cdn-influx-wp.adrianflux.co.uk\/uploads\/2010\/11\/ss454-624x468.jpg 624w, https:\/\/cdn-influx-wp.adrianflux.co.uk\/uploads\/2010\/11\/ss454-278x208.jpg 278w, https:\/\/cdn-influx-wp.adrianflux.co.uk\/uploads\/2010\/11\/ss454-526x394.jpg 526w, https:\/\/cdn-influx-wp.adrianflux.co.uk\/uploads\/2010\/11\/ss454-592x444.jpg 592w, https:\/\/cdn-influx-wp.adrianflux.co.uk\/uploads\/2010\/11\/ss454-572x429.jpg 572w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<p>But like all empires, they went out with a party. In America, 1969 was all about the muscle car. Just a year later, the Clean Air Act would kill them stone-dead. But in \u201969, you could still buy a Plymouth Barracuda or Superbird, or a Chevelle SS454 or an AMC Rebel \u2018The Machine\u2019, all introduced in \u201969 for the 1970 model year.<\/p>\n<p>You love muscle cars. You might not think you do, but you just haven\u2019t yet stared slack-jawed at the vast wing on the back of a Superbird, or into the ultra-clean, chrome and body-colour engine bay of a custom. You haven\u2019t seen their candy-coloured paintjobs looking perfect in Californian sunshine. You haven\u2019t smelt the sickly-sweet unburnt petrol, old vinyl and car wax, or heard the lazy whump-whump-whump of a seven-litre V8 that can\u2019t be bothered to make more than 400 horsepower. These things are the inbred, mutated spawn of an utterly isolationist car culture that just didn\u2019t care what the Europeans or Japanese were doing. But their self-confidence makes them instantly, impulsively covetable.<\/p>\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/www.adrianflux.co.uk\/influx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/11\/70_rebel_machine_ad.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-17152\" title=\"AMC Rebel Ad\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.adrianflux.co.uk\/influx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/11\/70_rebel_machine_ad.jpg\" width=\"1157\" height=\"775\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn-influx-wp.adrianflux.co.uk\/uploads\/2010\/11\/70_rebel_machine_ad.jpg 1157w, https:\/\/cdn-influx-wp.adrianflux.co.uk\/uploads\/2010\/11\/70_rebel_machine_ad-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn-influx-wp.adrianflux.co.uk\/uploads\/2010\/11\/70_rebel_machine_ad-1024x685.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cdn-influx-wp.adrianflux.co.uk\/uploads\/2010\/11\/70_rebel_machine_ad-624x417.jpg 624w, https:\/\/cdn-influx-wp.adrianflux.co.uk\/uploads\/2010\/11\/70_rebel_machine_ad-278x185.jpg 278w, https:\/\/cdn-influx-wp.adrianflux.co.uk\/uploads\/2010\/11\/70_rebel_machine_ad-251x167.jpg 251w, https:\/\/cdn-influx-wp.adrianflux.co.uk\/uploads\/2010\/11\/70_rebel_machine_ad-526x352.jpg 526w, https:\/\/cdn-influx-wp.adrianflux.co.uk\/uploads\/2010\/11\/70_rebel_machine_ad-662x444.jpg 662w, https:\/\/cdn-influx-wp.adrianflux.co.uk\/uploads\/2010\/11\/70_rebel_machine_ad-572x383.jpg 572w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1157px) 100vw, 1157px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<p>And in possibly the single coolest act in the history of the car industry, Chrysler somehow got over the rule-by-committee that usually cripples creativity in a big corporation and offered those muscle cars in colours called Sub-Lime, Go Mango, Panther Pink and Plum Crazy. The guys at Ford thought this was a great idea, so they loosened their Mad-Men-style tightly-knotted skinny ties, lit a massive doobie and came up with some colour names that were even better. Bring \u2018Em Back Olive was probably a thinly-veiled reference to Vietnam, Anti-Establish Mint described the political mood, Original Cinnamon reflected what everyone was up to and Freudian Gilt probably over-estimated the intelligence of the average muscle car buyer. Hulla Blue, History Onyx and Good Clean Fawn were just funny.<\/p>\n<p>Of course, if you really were part of the counter-culture you probably didn\u2019t care much about cars, unless you were into the nascent environmental movement and had a vague idea that a 7-litre V8 wasn\u2019t good for, like, the air, or something, or had no other way to get to Woodstock or Altamont. Probably couldn\u2019t afford them either, unless you were a Beatle.<\/p>\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/www.adrianflux.co.uk\/influx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/11\/Lennon_Roller_BW.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-17146\" title=\"Lennon_Roller_BW\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.adrianflux.co.uk\/influx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/11\/Lennon_Roller_BW.jpg\" width=\"1127\" height=\"1450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn-influx-wp.adrianflux.co.uk\/uploads\/2010\/11\/Lennon_Roller_BW.jpg 1127w, https:\/\/cdn-influx-wp.adrianflux.co.uk\/uploads\/2010\/11\/Lennon_Roller_BW-233x300.jpg 233w, https:\/\/cdn-influx-wp.adrianflux.co.uk\/uploads\/2010\/11\/Lennon_Roller_BW-795x1024.jpg 795w, https:\/\/cdn-influx-wp.adrianflux.co.uk\/uploads\/2010\/11\/Lennon_Roller_BW-624x802.jpg 624w, https:\/\/cdn-influx-wp.adrianflux.co.uk\/uploads\/2010\/11\/Lennon_Roller_BW-278x357.jpg 278w, https:\/\/cdn-influx-wp.adrianflux.co.uk\/uploads\/2010\/11\/Lennon_Roller_BW-526x676.jpg 526w, https:\/\/cdn-influx-wp.adrianflux.co.uk\/uploads\/2010\/11\/Lennon_Roller_BW-345x444.jpg 345w, https:\/\/cdn-influx-wp.adrianflux.co.uk\/uploads\/2010\/11\/Lennon_Roller_BW-572x735.jpg 572w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1127px) 100vw, 1127px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<p>By 1969 John Lennon had finished work on the Rolls-Royce Phantom V \u2013 also used as transport by the Queen \u2013 which he\u2019d bought three years earlier. He added a double bed, a thumping sound-system with loudhailer, and finally a gyspy-caravan-meets-mescaline paintjob by Dutch art collective The Fool. A year later, the Beatles would split and John and Yoko would ship the Rolls to New York, but in 1969 it was still a regular sight on London streets.<\/p>\n<p>But the Beatles\u2019 other car choices reflected the classness of the time. Brian Epstein had bought them each a Mini Cooper S. George Harrison painted his with mystical Indian scenes, and he, John, Cynthia and Patti Boyd are reported to have folded themselves into its tiny cabin to take their first acid trip.<\/p>\n<p>The Italians weren\u2019t much concerned with the counter-culture, and were just taking advantage of the relative economic prosperity to produce some of their most seductive supercars and GTs. Ferrari and Lamborghini were in full flow \u2013 the Miura was unquestionably the star \u2013 and they were briefly joined by super-exotic marques like Iso and the Swiss-based Monteverdi. \u201969 driving Italian-style is perfectly encapsulated in the opening scenes of The Italian Job, released that year, in which Beckermann in his big shades and driving gloves pilots an orange Miura over the St. Bernard Pass, managing somehow to light a (conventional) cigarette as he tackles the Alpine hairpins. The reality of \u201969 Italian motoring was rather different: an unreliable Fiat 124, with premature rust.<\/p>\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/www.adrianflux.co.uk\/influx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/11\/fiat124.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-17145\" title=\"fiat124\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.adrianflux.co.uk\/influx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/11\/fiat124.jpg\" width=\"900\" height=\"710\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn-influx-wp.adrianflux.co.uk\/uploads\/2010\/11\/fiat124.jpg 900w, https:\/\/cdn-influx-wp.adrianflux.co.uk\/uploads\/2010\/11\/fiat124-300x236.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn-influx-wp.adrianflux.co.uk\/uploads\/2010\/11\/fiat124-624x492.jpg 624w, https:\/\/cdn-influx-wp.adrianflux.co.uk\/uploads\/2010\/11\/fiat124-278x219.jpg 278w, https:\/\/cdn-influx-wp.adrianflux.co.uk\/uploads\/2010\/11\/fiat124-526x414.jpg 526w, https:\/\/cdn-influx-wp.adrianflux.co.uk\/uploads\/2010\/11\/fiat124-562x444.jpg 562w, https:\/\/cdn-influx-wp.adrianflux.co.uk\/uploads\/2010\/11\/fiat124-572x451.jpg 572w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<p>The Italian Job made heroes of its British star cars; not just the Minis, but the E-Types, a Land Rover, an Aston-Martin DB4 and a Bedford coach too. It ought to have launched a colossal export drive; plainly, the British car industry could do sexy, fast, clever, tough and affordable too. But another film \u2013 this year\u2019s <a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=k0LF-F1QNAw\">Made in Dagenham,<\/a> set a year earlier in 1968 \u2013 shows why it didn\u2019t happen. The film captures the atmosphere of a sixties car plant perfectly; all brown overcoats, roll-ups, tea breaks and sexism. The boxy MkII Cortina gets a starring role. It tells the story of the walkout by 150 women employed by Ford to stitch Cortina seats when they were reclassified as unskilled labour and denied the better pay of the men \u2013 often their husbands \u2013 who assembled the cars\u2019 oily bits with varying degrees of success at the main plant across the road.<\/p>\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/www.adrianflux.co.uk\/influx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/11\/Red_cortina.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-17148\" title=\"Red_cortina\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.adrianflux.co.uk\/influx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/11\/Red_cortina.jpg\" width=\"2355\" height=\"1533\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn-influx-wp.adrianflux.co.uk\/uploads\/2010\/11\/Red_cortina.jpg 2355w, https:\/\/cdn-influx-wp.adrianflux.co.uk\/uploads\/2010\/11\/Red_cortina-300x195.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn-influx-wp.adrianflux.co.uk\/uploads\/2010\/11\/Red_cortina-1024x666.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cdn-influx-wp.adrianflux.co.uk\/uploads\/2010\/11\/Red_cortina-624x406.jpg 624w, https:\/\/cdn-influx-wp.adrianflux.co.uk\/uploads\/2010\/11\/Red_cortina-274x179.jpg 274w, https:\/\/cdn-influx-wp.adrianflux.co.uk\/uploads\/2010\/11\/Red_cortina-278x180.jpg 278w, https:\/\/cdn-influx-wp.adrianflux.co.uk\/uploads\/2010\/11\/Red_cortina-526x342.jpg 526w, https:\/\/cdn-influx-wp.adrianflux.co.uk\/uploads\/2010\/11\/Red_cortina-682x444.jpg 682w, https:\/\/cdn-influx-wp.adrianflux.co.uk\/uploads\/2010\/11\/Red_cortina-572x372.jpg 572w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2355px) 100vw, 2355px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<p>The Ford strike of 1968 was different to the walk-outs led by the infamous Red Robbo at Longbridge in the \u201870s. It wasn\u2019t directed specifically at the mismanagement of the car industry but was inspired by the general principle of equal pay, and led, admirably, to the Equal Pay Act of 1970. But it marked the start of a decade of industrial action that, together with that mismanagement, some terrible products and terrifying new competition from Japan and Germany, effectively killed the British-owned car industry. As the Dagenham women walked out, Britain was making more cars than ever; peak production actually came in 1972 with a slightly freakish 1.9 million. Less than a decade later that figure had halved.<\/p>\n<p>But in 1969, nobody really knew what was coming. Cars reflect their times. The times were good.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ben Oliver on an epoch making vintage&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1779,6],"tags":[905,423],"class_list":["post-17092","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cars","category-features","tag-1960s","tag-rolls-royce"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>1969: Crisis? 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